ITER Explainer: A Nuclear Fusion Reactor is being developed in France with the objective of exploring the possibilities of producing better and cleaner energy globally. There are 35 countries in the world, including India, in this experiment.
As the world is moving towards the goal of sustainable development, new technology is also getting success one by one in landing the land. So far, 35 countries have come together to meet worldwide energy needs, with the goal of reducing dependence on mediums such as coal and to a lesser extent solar-wind energy and generating cleaner energy than ever before.
The International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER) Tokamak is being built in France with the aim to find out whether nuclear fusion can be used as a global energy source in the future. Now assembly of this reactor has started in France on Tuesday. Representatives of several member countries of ITER including India were present on the occasion. Let us tell you what is ITER and how India is playing an important contribution to this ...
Why is this experiment being done?
This reactor is an experiment that will not transport energy to the common people, but it is a model that, if successful, will be able to find out how similar reactors can be built accurately to provide commercial energy. ITER also means 'Rasta' in Latin and this experiment is creating a new path for better energy. The tokamak is a device that generates nuclear fusion with the help of magnetic fields. ITER is experimenting with whether or not Fusion Reaction can be used to produce energy instead of traditional methods. The special thing is that the same nuclear reaction occurs in stars, in a way ITER is making a star on the earth itself.
What is a nuclear fusion reaction?
The nuclear Fjune reaction produces a temperature of 150 million degrees Celsius. This produces plasma in which isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) fuse together to form helium and neutrons. Initially, the reaction produces heat, it consumes energy, but once the reaction starts, then the reaction also produces energy. ITER is the first reactor that aims to produce more energy than the energy used to initiate a nuclear fusion reaction, resulting in a subsequent reaction.
Why Fusion Reaction Energy is Better?
Apart from conventional fuels and sources of renewable energy, many nuclear fission reactors are currently operating in the world, but there is a big risk of leaks and reactive waste. Waste is very less in a fusion reactor and this reaction in itself is so difficult that it is difficult to leak. At the same time, only limited resources of fuels like coal are left on earth, but because of them, carbon emissions are a big reason for climate change and global warming. On the other hand, renewable energy has still not been used as a fuel substitute globally.
Why is ITER important?
The ITER will be the first device to be able to continue the fusion reaction for a long time. ITER will test integrated technology and materials that will be used for commercial production of power based on fusion. If the experiment is successful as a carbon-free source on a large scale, then the world can have an unprecedented advantage in the field of clean energy in the future. The first idea of its experiment was launched in 1985. Thousands of engineers and scientists from ITER, China, the European Union, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, and The United States have played an important role in designing ITER.
What is India's role in ITER?
India was associated with this experiment in 2005. Larsen and Toubro Heavy Engineering have prepared a cryostat lid made of 4 thousand tons of stainless stein. In addition, India is manufacturing upper-lower cylinders, shielding, cooling systems, cryogenic systems, heating systems. Cryostat 30 m high
There is a cylinder of cha and 30-meter diameter which will act as a giant refrigerator and will cool the fusion reactor. It is the largest vessel of its kind in the world. Apart from L&T, 200 companies and 107 scientists from India are associated with this project.
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